Iron folic acid (IFA) supplementation is a critical global public health intervention to combat iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. However, non-adherence to this supplementation is a widespread issue, particularly in developing countries, and it can have severe health consequences. This study aims to delve into the determinants of non-adherence among pregnant women in Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia, and to identify strategies to improve adherence and, consequently, maternal and newborn health outcomes.
The Problem:
Iron deficiency is a prevalent nutritional disorder, and pregnant women are especially vulnerable. Globally, nearly half of all pregnant women are anemic, with iron deficiency anemia accounting for a significant portion of anemia-related deaths. In Ethiopia, this issue is particularly acute, with one in three women suffering from anemia and one in two experiencing iron and folic acid deficiency.
Study Overview:
The study employed a facility-based unmatched case-control design, conducted from April to May 2022. A total of 105 cases (pregnant women with non-adherence to IFA supplementation) and 211 controls (pregnant women with adherence) participated. The study identified several key determinants of non-adherence, including women's age, pregnancy weeks during the first antenatal care (ANC) visit, frequency of ANC follow-ups, knowledge about IFA supplementation, and the number of IFA tablets received.
Key Findings:
Younger women aged 15-24 and 25-34 were significantly more likely to exhibit non-adherence. Starting ANC visits late (after 12 weeks of pregnancy) and having fewer ANC visits were also associated with non-adherence. Women with inadequate knowledge about IFA supplementation and those who received fewer than 30 tablets were more likely to be non-adherent.
Implications:
The study's findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve IFA supplementation adherence among pregnant women. This includes ensuring early ANC visits, increasing the frequency of ANC follow-ups, and enhancing women's knowledge about the importance of IFA supplementation. Additionally, addressing the issue of IFA tablet availability and distribution is crucial to ensure that pregnant women have access to the necessary supplements.
Call to Action:
The town health office should take a proactive approach to address non-adherence to IFA supplementation. This involves strengthening antenatal care services, providing health education and counseling, and ensuring the availability and distribution of IFA tablets. Furthermore, empowering community health workers and women's development groups to educate pregnant women about the importance of IFA adherence and early ANC follow-up is essential.
Conclusion:
By addressing the identified determinants of non-adherence, the town health office can significantly improve maternal and child health outcomes in Bishoftu Town. This study provides valuable insights for similar contexts, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive strategies to ensure pregnant women receive the necessary iron and folic acid supplementation.
